Biometrics:

{Corpus} The automated use of physiological or behavioural characteristics to determine or verify identity.

{Corpus}A category of measurable, physical characteristic or personal behavioural trait of a human being used to authenticate the claimed identity of an <applicant>.
Properties of a biometric:
            universality
            uniqueness
            permanence
            collectability
            performance
            acceptability
            circumvention

{Oxford} The application of statistical analysis to biological data

{WG1,2,3} [automated] recognition of [living] persons based on observation of behavioral and biological (anatomical and physiological) characteristics.

Characteristics:

  • Relating to natural person
  • Automated Recognition
  • To the exclusion of PINs and such “memory” biometrics
  • Behavioural (learned and congenital) and Biological characteristics
  • Observable / Measurable – implicit in automated recognition and
  • Universality
  • Uniqueness = individuals as opposed to a group not essential characteristic because it is implicit in recognition
  • Repeatable
  • Collectability
  • Performance
  • Acceptability
  • Distinguishing traits not essential characteristic because it is implicit in recognition
  • Subjects (be advised Data subjects is loaded) / End user (ambiguous) / Source
  • Statistical analysis
  • Intrinsic limiting term (i.e., to remove use of PINs) doesn’t rule out what we need it to

Essential Characteristics (unlimited):

  • Automated recognition
  • Behavioural and Biological characteristics
  • individuals

Limited:

  • living persons / subjects / natural persons

Exclusions:

  • Passface system 24 faces, person picks one, must come back and pick same face to authenticate you later.

The automated recognition of individuals based on their behavioral and biological characteristics.

The automated recognition of an individual based on that individual’s behavioral and biological characteristics.

Intrinsic belonging naturally; essential

Is behavioural a biological characteristic?

Congenital having a particular trait from birth or by established habit

Plural definition accepted.

The automated recognition of individuals based on their behavioral and biological characteristics.

Biometric

WG1,2,3

NOTE "biometric" should never be used as a noun.

biometric

Pertaining to the field of biometrics.

Corpus:

A measurable, physical characteristic or personal behavioural trait used to recognise the identity, or verify the claimed identity, of an enrolee.

A measurable physiological or behavioural characteristic, which can be used to reliably distinguish one individual from another.

A measurable, physical characteristic or personal behavioral trait used to recognize the identity, or verify the claimed identity, of an enrollee.

A measurable biological or behavioural characteristic, which reliably distinguishes one person from another, used to recognize the identity, or verify the claimed identity, of an enrollee.

A measurable physical characteristic or personal behavioural trait used to recognise the identity of an enrolee or verify a claimed identity.

A biometric is a measurable physical characteristic or personal trait used to recognize the identity, or verify the claimed identity, of a person through automated means.

A measurable, physical characteristic or personal behavioral trait used to recognize the identity of an individual.

A measurable, physical characteristic or personal annotnt trait used to recognize the identity, or verify the claimed identity, of an annot.

The automated use of physiological or behavioural characteristics to determine or verify identity.biometrics

[WG1N019]

US: There is some ambiguity regarding what is meant by the "field" of biometrics.

Suggest: Pertaining to biometrics

JNB: Accept WG1,2,3 definition

Agree do not use as a noun

[1] "biometric" should not be used as a noun. Russia, Japan, Germany, Korea, South Africa, US

[2] The use of biometric as a noun is deprecated UK, Canada, France

[1] is therefore accepted.

Placeholder come back to this and discuss if it is needed to have a note on what to use instead

Biometric (adj)

Characteristics:

Adjective form of biometrics

Definition: Pertaining to biometrics

Application

[Corpus]

A hardware/software system implemented to satisfy a [broad] set of requirements. In this context, an application incorporates a biometric system to satisfy a subset of requirements related to the verification or identification of an end user’s identity so that the end user’s identifier can be used to facilitate the end user’s interaction with the system.

A hardware/software system implemented to satisfy a [broad] set of requirements. In this context, an application incorporates a biometric system to satisfy a subset of requirements related to the verification or identification of an end user’s identity so that the end user’s identifier can be used to facilitate the end user’s interaction with the system. For example, a biometrics-enabled time and attendance system has a [broad] requirement to record an employee’s starting and leaving times so the employee can be paid the correct amount of wages. The system uses biometrics to verify the employee’s [end user’s] claim that his identity is the one that the system has associated with the employee’s id-number [identifier] at the times when the employee interacts with the biometric device as he enters and leaves the work place.

A hardware/software system implemented to satisfy a [broad] set of requirements. In this context, an application incorporates a biometric system to satisfy a subset of requirements related to the verification or identification of an end user’s identity so that the end user’s identifier can be used to facilitate the end user’s interaction with the system. For example, a biometrics-enabled time and attendance system has a [broad] requirement to record an employee’s starting and leaving times so the employee can be paid the correct amount of wages. The system uses biometrics to verify the employee’s [end user’s] claim that his identity is the one that the system has associated with the employee’s id-number [identifier] at the times when the employee interacts with the biometric device as he enters and leaves the work place.

[Oxford]

In computing: A program or piece of software designed to fulfill a particular purpose.

WG1 decision:

We will not develop a new definition of application. Oxford definition(s) are accepted.

Registration

UKNB comment on N460

registration

(Oxford: act or instance of registering; register: set down a name, fact, etc. formally; record in writing)

process of creating a data record for a subject, assigning a pointer to the record, collecting and encoding reference biometric measurements and storing the results as templates or models,

and linking to the record any required additional attributes of the subject

-         note inconsistency with Biometrics defn

-         change subject to individual in above defn.

WG1N019:

The process of making a person’s identity known to a biometric verification/identification system, associating a unique identifier with that identity, and collecting and recording the person’s relevant attributes into the system.　

JNB: NOTE - See Concept of Biometric Authentication System

Accepted by both: The process of making a subject's identity known to a biometric system, associating a unique identifier with that identity, and collecting and recording the subject's relevant attributes into the system. 　

Corpus:

The process of making a person’s identity known to a biometric system, associating a unique identifier with that identity, and collecting and recording the person’s relevant attributes into the system.

WG1 decision:

Use Oxford dictionary definition.

Note concept of linking ID pointer (and further attributes of) info with biometric info must be discussed and assigned a term. Concept belongs in Functioning/Interacting (with enrollment). Also consider the need for a registration authority concept.

Validation:

Oxford: Actually supporting the intended point or claim. process of checking or approving the legal or official acceptability. Make or declare legally valid. (paraphrasing)

Legally valid: check or prove executed in compliance with the law

UKNB comment on SD2:

non-biometric function of checking that the source is properly registered with the system

Corpus:

The process of demonstrating that the system under consideration meets in all respects the specification of that system.

Characteristics:

-         checking

-         compliance

-         properly registered

-         currently registered

-         policies and procedures

-         legal or official

What are we validating?

WG1 decision:

Accept specific Oxford dictionary definition: the process of checking or proving the validity

Valid: executed in compliance with the law; legally or officially acceptable

(may need to revisit)

verification / verify:

German comment on 460: qualify as “biometric verification”

Concept Name: biometric verification

Characteristics:

  • one-to-one comparison – do I match the claim
  • individual
  • match
  • claimed source of biometric feature (an individual is making a claim of the source of the biometric record in your database)
  • truth/false answer
  • validate
  • one or more reference templates
  • available truth / ground truth / reference truth / relative truth
  • biometrics
  • score
  • threshold
  • decision policy
  • previously enrolled / stored
  • enrollee
  • applicant
  • recognized
  • process
  • contrast to identification
  • possibility of mistakes
  • presented biometric sample
  • comparison, may be an indirect comparison
  • sample and stored are sufficiently representative of one another
  • sample matches the claimed stored, and does not match all other stored.

Essential characteristics:

Preliminary designation: Biometric verification

Accept Oxford definition of verification

Oxford:

Verify: make sure or demonstrate that something is true, accurate or justified

Verification: process of verifying; in philosophy it is the: establishment by empirical means of the validity of a proposition

Biometric verification:  the proposition is [a claim about the source of a stored biometric record]; and the empirical means use the biometric information in the submitted sample

Verification: The process of ascertaining that two images or image inputs represent the same person. One-to-one (1:1) matching

UKNB on n460:

process of establishing the truth of a claim about the source of a biometric record in the database

WG1N019:

[1] A one-to-one comparison of an individual’s biometric sample with the individual’s biometric reference template in order to validate an explicit positive claim on identity. (May also include one-to-few comparisons of multiple reference templates for the same individual).

US:

Suggest remove "/ Verify' from this term. If desired, can define "Verify (in the biometric sense)" separately.

[2] Validate that a biometric sample matches the previously-stored processed biometric sample associated with the subject's claimed identity by comparing the templates, generating a score, and comparing the score with the threshold.

JNB:

Comments on [2]. We accept to deleting "verify". The terms "previously" and "processed" should be deleted from the definition because they are redundant. It should be changed from "comparing the templates" to "comparing the stored biometric samples"

Oxford:

Verify: make sure or demonstrate that something is true, accurate or justified

Verification: process of verifying; in philosophy it is the: establishment by empirical means of the validity of a proposition

Corpus:

The process of comparing a submitted biometric sample against the biometric reference template of a single enrolee whose identity is being claimed, to determine whether it matches the enrolee’s template. Contrast with ‘Identification’.

A one-to-one comparison of an individual’s biometric sample with the individual’s biometric reference template in order to validate an explicit positive claim on identity. (May also include one-to-few comparisons of multiple reference templates for the same individual).

The one-to-one process of comparing a submitted biometric sample against a specific biometric template based on a claimed identity (e.g., user ID, account number) to determine an individual's identity.

Verification: The process of ascertaining that two images or image inputs represent the same person. One-to-one (1:1) matching.

Verify: One or more samples are captured, processed into a usable form, and then matched against an input template. The results of the comparison are returned.

A one-to-one comparison of an individual’s biometric sample with a single biometric reference template in order to validate an explicit positive claim of identity.

The process of comparing a submitted biometric sample against the biometric reference template of a single enrollee whose identity is being claimed, to determine whether it matches the enrollee’s template. Contrast with ‘Identification’.

The process of using a submitted biometric sample for comparison against a template to match a user to a known enrolee. (Normally used only in one-to-one systems, where the user may also have to specify a user name and/or password or PIN)

In verification systems, the user makes a “positive” claim to an identity, requiring a “one-to-one” comparison of the submitted “sample” biometric measure to the enrolled “template” for the claimed identity

The process of ascertaining that two images or image inputs represent the same person. One-to-one (1:1) matching.

To compare verification data with enrollment data or an enrollment data set, and calculate the matching score between them
Note: Enrollment data on another person may be referred to during matching.

In Biometric verification, the subject claims an identity, which the biometric system must verify by matching the live biometric with the previously created template for that identity.


Essential characteristics:

Oxford:

Verify: make sure or demonstrate that something is true, accurate or justified

Verification: process of verifying; in philosophy it is the: establishment by empirical means of the validity of a proposition

Germany:

Process of establishing the validity that a submitted biometric sample and stored biometric sample(s) stem from the same claimed source

Canada:

Biometric verification: establishment by empirical means of the validity that a submitted biometric sample and stored biometric sample stem from the same individual

UK:

Process of establishing the truth of a claim about the source of a biometric record in the database

US:

Empirical process of assessing that a stored biometric sample and a presented biometric sample are from the same individual.

WG1 possibilities (return to discussion following identification):

[1] The automated process of assessing a claim that [submitted biometric sample(s)] and [stored biometric sample(s)] are from the same source

[2] The automated process of comparing the [submitted biometric sample(s)] and [stored biometric sample(s)] to assess the claim that they are from the same source

Note, come back to this definition once the concepts of submitted biometric sample and stored biometric sample concepts have been given preliminary designations

Identification

Oxford:

Identification: the action or process of identifying

Identify: establish the identity of; recognize or select by analysis;

… the action or process of establishing the identity of

National Research Council of the United States (reference available online: www.cstb.org)

Identification: the act of finding an identifier

Identifier: pointer to a record

…the act of finding a pointer to a record

Identification – accept NRC definition

Biometric identification definition:

The automated process of comparing [submitted biometric sample(s)] with [stored biometric sample(s)] to return a identifier(s) of the source(s) of the matched [enrollment record(s)]

Essential Characteristics (of biometric identification):

Corpus

The “one-to-many” process of comparing a submitted <biometric sample> against all of the stored biometric reference <templates> to determine whether it matches any of the templates and, if so, the identity of the <enrolee> or attached to the < biometric evidence > whose template was matched. The biometric system using the one-to-many approach is seeking to find an identity amongst a database rather than authenticate a claimed identity. Contrast with <Authentication>.

The one-to-many process of comparing a submitted biometric sample against all of the biometric reference templates on file to determine whether it matches any of the templates and, if so, the identity of the enrolee whose template was matched. The biometric system using the one-to-many approach is seeking to find an identity amongst a database rather than verify a claimed identity. Contrast with ‘Verification’.

A one-to-many or one-to-few process of comparing an individual’s biometric sample against a database of biometric reference templates in order to:

·        Discern the identity of an enrolled individual making an implicit positive claim on identity;

·        Ensure the absence of a reference template for an individual making an implicit negative claim on identity.

The one-to-many process of comparing a submitted biometric sample against some or all of the biometric templates to determine an individual's identity.

Identification: The process of searching though a list of face images to match against an input image(s). One-to-many (1:N) searching.

Identify: One or more samples are captured, processed into a usable form, and matched against a set of templates. A list is returned showing how close the samples compare against the top candidates in the set.

The one-to-many process of comparing a submitted biometric sample against all of the biometric reference templates on file to determine whether it matches any of the stored templates and, if so, the identity of the enrollee whose template was matched.

The process of using a submitted biometric sample for comparison against a template to match a user to a known enrolee. (Normally used only in one-to-many systems)

In identification systems, the user makes either no claim or an implicit “negative” claim to an enrolled identity, and a “one-to-many” search of the entire enrolled database is required.

The act of comparing verification data with all enrollment data or enrollment data sets, and ranking the enrollment data or data sets by degree of matching score, in descending order

Note: If multiple enrollment data or data sets have the same degree of similarity, they are ranked the same. In such a case, count the data or data sets that were ranked the same, and skip the appropriate number of ranks to rank the next data or data set.

Ex.: If three pieces of data or data sets are ranked second, the ranks would be as follows: first, second, second, second, and fifth.

The one-to-many (greater than one) process of comparing a submitted biometric sample against all of the biometric reference templates on file to determine whether it matches any of the templates and, if so, the identity of the annot whose template was matched. The biometric system using the one-to-many approach is seeking to find an identity amongst a database rather than verify a claimed identity. Contrast with ‘Verification’. Signature/Sign Image Based Interchange Format

New paradigm: if the biometric process returns a true or false it is a verification, if it returns a list of pointers it is an identification.